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Source Materials:

The Original 4% Rule Article: “Determining Withdrawal Rates Using Historical Data” by William Bengen

“The True Impact of Immediate Annuities on Retirement Sustainability: A Total Wealth Perspective” by Wade Pfau & Michael Kitces

“Retirement Income Analysis with Fixed Annuities” by William F. Sharpe

“Should Equity Exposure Decrease In Retirement, Or Is A Rising Equity Glidepath Actually Better?” by Michael Kitces

“Accelerating The Rising Equity Glidepath, With Treasury Bills As Portfolio Ballast?” by Michael Kitces

Optimizing Retirement Income Combining Actuarial Science & Annuities by Wade Pfau

“Integrating Whole Life Insurance into a Retirement Income Plan: Emphasis on Cash Value as a Volatility Buffer Asset” by Wade Pfau & Michael Finke. 

“The Portfolio Size Effect And Using A Bond Tent To Navigate The Retirement Danger Zone” by Michael Kitces

“Benefits of Integrating Insurance Products Into a Retirement Plan” by Earnst & Young 

 The 5th Option: Why Your Retirement Plan Won’t Work by Walter Young